When the US TV information programme 60 Minutes II revealed photographs of Iraqi males being abused and humiliated by their American jailers at Abu Ghraib jail in Iraq 20 years in the past this weekend, the United States-led invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq was simply 13 months previous.
Toppled Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, who had been captured by US forces greater than 4 months earlier, was awaiting trial on prices of crimes towards humanity, and the Iraqi state itself was within the grip of violence and dysfunction.
For a lot of within the Arab world, Abu Ghraib shortly grew to become an emblem of US imperialism and hypocrisy, shattering then-US President George W Bush’s repeated claims that the US was a bastion of human rights.
20 years later, a civil case that has been introduced by Abu Ghraib victims towards a US contractor that operated on the jail is underneath manner. Many at the moment are viewing Israel’s ongoing US-backed navy motion within the Gaza Strip, the place greater than 34,000 Palestinians have been killed since October, by means of the prism of the Abu Ghraib scandal, which first got here to mild on April 28, 2004, and despatched shockwaves all over the world.
What did the Abu Ghraib photographs present?
The images broadcast on 60 Minutes confirmed US guards at Abu Ghraib subjecting Iraqi prisoners to varied types of violence, sexual assault and humiliation. Most of the prisoners had been apprehended by US troopers on suspicion of being a part of armed teams, however based on the Worldwide Crimson Cross, 70 % to 90 % of them had been harmless bystanders who had been arrested mistakenly.
One picture confirmed bare prisoners heaped right into a pyramid with their US captors standing smiling behind them. One other confirmed a US soldier holding a unadorned prisoner on a leash.
Nevertheless, the defining picture of the scandal proved to be the haunting depiction of a hooded Iraqi man holding electrical wires and standing on a field.
Then-US Normal Mark Kimmitt, who was deputy director of coalition operations in Iraq and was interviewed for the April 2004 CBS Information story, stated: “Frankly, I feel all of us are disenchanted on the actions of the few. , each day we love our troopers, … however frankly, some days we’re not at all times happy with our troopers.”
Subsequent revelations by CBS Information disclosed that the US military report on which the US broadcaster had primarily based its unique story on Abu Ghraib had the truth is detailed “quite a few incidents of sadistic, blatant, and wanton felony abuses” of Iraqis by US troopers on the jail.
Was there another proof of abuse at Abu Ghraib?
Quickly after the pictures of US troopers humiliating and mistreating Iraq males had been launched on CBS Information, the Worldwide Committee of the Crimson Cross printed its personal report on abuse on the jail.
The report detailed incidents of abuse witnessed by Crimson Cross observers from March to November 2003 and carried out “throughout arrest, internment and interrogation”, notably of “individuals arrested in reference to suspected safety offences or deemed to have an ‘intelligence’ worth”.
The Crimson Cross stated it had uncovered quite a few examples of violations of the Geneva Conventions by US navy personnel. For instance, the report stated Crimson Cross observers had witnessed US troopers mistreating Abu Ghraib prisoners by retaining them bare in complete darkness in empty cells.
Within the government abstract for its report, the Crimson Cross stated so-called excessive worth detainees “had been at excessive danger of being subjected to a wide range of harsh remedies starting from insults, threats and humiliations to each bodily and psychological coercion, which in some instances was tantamount to torture, with a purpose to pressure cooperation with their interrogators”.
The abuse was, “in some instances, tantamount to torture”, the Crimson Cross report stated.
Have been any US troopers held accountable?
Personal Lynndie England, the soldier pictured holding a leash connected to a unadorned Iraqi man mendacity on the bottom at Abu Ghraib jail, which had been a infamous place of torture through the presidency of Saddam Hussein himself, appeared in a number of prisoner abuse photographs. In 2005, England was discovered responsible of six counts of abuse by a US navy courtroom and sentenced to a few years in jail. She was launched in March 2007.
Charles Graner Jr, a US military jail guard convicted by a navy courtroom of main the abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib, was handed a 10-year jail time period in 2005 after being convicted of 5 counts of assault, maltreatment and conspiracy. Graner was freed in August 2011.
Of the 11 troopers court-martialled by the US navy for mistreating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib, 9 got jail time.
However it quickly grew to become obvious that American abuse of Iraqi inmates was not confined to Abu Ghraib. Certainly, after CBS revealed the Abu Ghraib scandal, the information company began to study of the existence of military investigator interviews that additionally dropped at mild the abuse of prisoners at different detention centres in Iraq, reminiscent of al-Mahmudiya jail, a brief holding facility, for which different US navy personnel had been additionally jailed.
Have Iraqi victims of US torture acquired any form of redress?
In September, Human Rights Watch stated: “The US authorities has apparently failed to supply compensation or different redress to Iraqis who suffered torture and different abuse by US forces at Abu Ghraib and different US-run prisons in Iraq 20 years in the past.”
The existence of the Federal Tort Claims Act, which supplies the US authorities immunity from any lawsuits arising throughout struggle, means in search of redress is especially tough.
As a substitute, Iraqi victims of US abuse have been pressured to pursue US navy contractors, which Chris Bartlett, a US photographer who has been taking pictures portraits of Abu Ghraib’s torture survivors since 2006, famous to Al Jazeera had been “employed … to create a layer of legal responsibility distance so the federal authorities could possibly be shielded from accountability”.
Most just lately, on April 15 this yr, a federal courtroom in Virginia started listening to the case of Al Shimari et al v CACI, a personal safety agency employed in 2003 by the US authorities to interrogate Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib.
The defendants are being represented by the US-based Heart for Constitutional Rights, which in 2013 received a $5m settlement for its Iraqi purchasers from Titan Corp, one other navy agency working at Abu Ghraib.
Within the Virginia case, the advocacy group is in search of compensation for 3 Iraqi purchasers – Suhail Najim Abdullah Al Shimari, Salah Al-Ejaili and As’advert Al-Zuba’e – who allege that “CACI participated in a conspiracy to commit illegal conduct together with torture and struggle crimes at Abu Ghraib jail,” the place they had been tortured.
On Monday, the eight-person jury within the case retired to contemplate its verdict.
Why has Israel’s struggle on Gaza drawn comparisons with US torture at Abu Ghraib?
Israel’s lethal marketing campaign of air strikes towards the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip, which started on October 7, was quickly adopted by experiences of Israeli troopers beating and humiliating detained Palestinians, which many likened to US torture at Abu Ghraib.
On October 31, the pro-Palestinian advocacy group Jewish Voice for Peace wrote on X: “The footage of Israeli troopers torturing Palestinian males within the West Financial institution is horrific. The Israeli navy has brutally abused Palestinian prisoners for many years. Because the Israeli navy wages a genocidal struggle in Gaza, its troopers are now not hiding this abuse from the general public.”
It added: “It’s no shock … that the identical authorities that tortured Iraqis in Abu Ghraib is funding the identical ways on Palestinians.”
Sarah Sanbar, an Iraq researcher at Human Rights Watch, advised Al Jazeera {that a} former Iraqi detainee advised her photographs of stripped Palestinians being rounded up and restrained by Israeli forces in Gaza had been “very retraumatising and triggering and took him proper again to 2003 and 2004 when he was being tortured [by the Americans] at Abu Ghraib”.
